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References

All patient education content on this site is informed by peer-reviewed sources and guidelines from leading ophthalmology and retina organizations.

Primary Sources

ASRS

American Society of Retina Specialists

The primary professional organization for retinal specialists. Patient education pages cover all major retinal conditions with specialist-reviewed content.

asrs.org/patients
AAO

American Academy of Ophthalmology

The world's largest association of eye physicians. Provides evidence-based clinical practice guidelines and extensive eye health education for patients.

aao.org/eye-health
NEI

National Eye Institute

Part of the U.S. National Institutes of Health. Funds research into eye diseases and provides authoritative public health information on vision conditions.

nei.nih.gov

Clinical Trial Data

ClinicalTrials.gov

The U.S. National Library of Medicine's registry of federally and privately supported clinical studies. All trial data on this site is fetched live from the ClinicalTrials.gov v2 API.

clinicaltrials.gov

PubMed / MEDLINE

The National Library of Medicine's database of biomedical literature. Used to verify clinical statistics and treatment outcome data referenced throughout this site.

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

By Condition

Condition Key Sources
Age-Related Macular Degeneration ASRS, AAO, NEI, Age-Related Eye Disease Study (AREDS/AREDS2)
Diabetic Retinopathy ASRS, AAO, NEI, Diabetic Retinopathy Clinical Research Network (DRCR.net)
Retinal Detachment ASRS, AAO, NEI
Retinal Vein Occlusion ASRS, AAO, NEI, CRUISE/BRAVO clinical trials
Epiretinal Membrane ASRS, AAO
Macular Hole ASRS, AAO, NEI
Posterior Vitreous Detachment ASRS, AAO
Vitreomacular Traction ASRS, AAO, MIVI-TRUST trial
Floaters & Flashes ASRS, AAO, NEI